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Here is an explicit example.
In addition to OPEN being set in the reserved variables below, OPEN is also set for all trade prices in AA settings:
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// BACKTESTER SETTINGS
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
SetBarsRequired(10000, 0);
SetOption("AllowPositionShrinking", False);
SetOption("AllowSameBarExit", True);
SetOption("CommissionAmount", 3.00);
SetOption("CommissionMode", 3);
SetOption("FuturesMode", 1);
SetOption("InitialEquity", 100000);
SetOption("InterestRate",0);
SetOption("MaxOpenPositions", 1);
SetOption("MinPosValue", 0);
SetOption("MinShares", 1);
SetOption("PriceBoundChecking", False );
SetOption("ReverseSignalForcesExit", False);
SetOption("UsePrevBarEquityForPosSizing", False );
SetTradeDelays(0, 0, 0, 0);
SetPositionSize(1, spsShares);
TickSize = 0.0001; // The minimum price move of symbol for Forex
PointValue = 100000;
RoundLotSize = 1;
MarginDeposit = 2500;
BuyPrice = SellPrice = ShortPrice = CoverPrice = Open;
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// SIMPLE TRADING SYSTEM
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
fast = Optimize( "fast", 3, 5, 10, 1 );
slow = Optimize( "slow", 6, 10, 15, 1 );
Buy = Cross( MACD( fast, slow ), Signal( fast, slow ) );
Sell = Cross( Signal( fast, slow ), MACD( fast, slow ) );
Short = Sell;
Cover = Buy;
Backtesting the above on EUR.USD for 11/01/2008 - 12/01/2008 gives the following result ( I will just paste the first line):
Ticker Trade Date Price
EURUSD Short 11/3/2008 23:59 1.284
Ex. date Ex. Price % chg Profit
11/4/2008 23:59 1.2575 -2.06% 3326.11
% Profit Contracts Position value Cum. Profit
105.81% 1 3143.5 3326.11
# bars Profit/bar MAE MFE Scale In/Out
2 1663.06 -0.47% 2.45% 0/0
The prices on 11/3/2008 are as follows:
Open = 1.2840
Low = 1.2525
High = 1.2900
Close = 1.2574
If you reverse the Position Value, based on 40:1 leverage, you find that it was calculated on a price of 1.2574, which is the CLOSE:
$3,143.50 * 40 / 100000 = 1.2574
--- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "ozzyapeman" <zoopfree@xxx> wrote:
>
> I should note that for Entry prices, the backtester is correctly using
> OPEN prices and for ApplyStop, it is correctly exiting at the right
> price point between LOW and HIGH.
>
> It is only for the position values that the backtester is using CLOSE
> prices to calculate, even though CLOSE is nowhere in my AA settings or
> AFL reserved variables or SetOptions.
>
>
> --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "ozzyapeman" zoopfree@ wrote:
> >
> > Tomasz,
> >
> > Thanks for the reply, but I *did* read the manual and *did* set the
> > buyprice reserved variables, etc. (all to OPEN), and yet the
> > backtester is still using CLOSE for position value calculations.
> >
> > Hence I posted the question.
> >
> > So either this is a bug or there is some other setting which is
> > overriding both my AA settings and reserved variable settings. I can't
> > seem to find any such setting error, so at this point I am thinking
> > it's a bug.
> >
> > Is it?
> >
> >
> >
> > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Tomasz Janeczko" <groups@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello,
> > >
> > > When everything fails consult..... the manual:
> > >
> > > http://www.amibroker.com/guide/h_backtest.html
> > >
> > > Quote
> > >
> > > "Controlling trade price
> > >
> > > AmiBroker now provides 4 new reserved variables for specifying the
> > price at which buy, sell, short and cover orders are executed.
> > > These arrays have the following names: buyprice, sellprice,
> > shortprice and coverprice.
> > >
> > > The main application of these variables is controlling trade price:
> > >
> > > BuyPrice = IIF( dayofweek() == 1, HIGH, CLOSE );
> > > // on monday buy at high, otherwise buy on close
> > >
> > > So you can write the following to simulate real stop-orders:
> > >
> > > BuyStop = ... the formula for buy stop level;
> > > SellStop = ... the formula for sell stop level;
> > >
> > > // if anytime during the day prices rise above buystop level
> > (high>buystop)
> > > // the buy order takes place (at buystop or low whichever is higher)
> > > Buy = Cross( High, BuyStop );
> > >
> > > // if anytime during the day prices fall below sellprice level ( low
> > < sellstop )
> > > // the sell order takes place (at sellstop or high whichever is lower)
> > > Sell = Cross( SellPrice, SellStop);
> > >
> > > BuyPrice = max( BuyStop, Low ); // make sure buy price not less
> than Low
> > > SellPrice = min( SellStop, High ); // make sure sell price not
> > greater than High
> > >
> > > Please note that AmiBroker presets buyprice, sellprice, shortprice
> > and coverprice array variables with the values defined in system
> > > test settings window (shown below), so you can but don't need to
> > define them in your formula. If you don't define them AmiBroker
> > > works as in the old versions.
> > >
> > > During back-testing AmiBroker will check if the values you assigned
> > to buyprice, sellprice, shortprice, coverprice fit into high-low
> > > range of given bar. If not, AmiBroker will adjust it to high price
> > (if price array value is higher than high) or to the low price
> > > (if price array value is lower than low)"
> > >
> > > Best regards,
> > > Tomasz Janeczko
> > > amibroker.com
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > From: "ozzyapeman" <zoopfree@>
> > > To: amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> > > Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 10:46 PM
> > > Subject: [amibroker] Re: How to force Backtester to Calculate
> > Position Size on Open Price?
> > >
> > >
> > > > and here are all my other options set in the AFL.
> > > >
> > > > I can't see how any of them would force the backtester to use Close
> > > > prices, but maybe one option does?
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > SetBarsRequired( 10000, 0 );
> > > > SetOption( "AccountMargin", 100 );
> > > > SetOption( "ActivateStopsImmediately", True );
> > > > SetOption( "AllowPositionShrinking", False );
> > > > SetOption( "AllowSameBarExit", True );
> > > > SetOption( "CommissionAmount", 3.00 );
> > > > SetOption( "CommissionMode", 2 );
> > > > SetOption( "FuturesMode", 1 );
> > > > SetOption( "InitialEquity", 100000 );
> > > > SetOption( "InterestRate", 0 );
> > > > SetOption( "MaxOpenPositions", 1 );
> > > > SetOption( "MinPosValue", 0 );
> > > > SetOption( "MinShares", 1 );
> > > > SetOption( "PriceBoundChecking", True );
> > > > SetOption( "ReverseSignalForcesExit", False );
> > > > SetOption( "UsePrevBarEquityForPosSizing", False );
> > > > SetTradeDelays( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
> > > > SetPositionSize( 1, spsShares );
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "ozzyapeman" <zoopfree@> wrote:
> > > >>
> > > >> Buyprices set in AFL formula are all Open:
> > > >>
> > > >> BuyPrice = Open;
> > > >> ShortPrice = Open;
> > > >> SellPrice = Open;
> > > >> CoverPrice = Open;
> > > >>
> > > >> very wierd...
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Anthony Faragasso" <ajf1111@>
> > wrote:
> > > >> >
> > > >> > Is there anywhere in your code formula that you may be
> specifying a
> > > >> different buyprice....because I believe the formula overrides the
> > > >> settings in the preference window..
> > > >> >
> > > >> > Anthony
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> > ----- Original Message -----
> > > >> > From: ozzyapeman
> > > >> > To: amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> > > >> > Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 3:41 PM
> > > >> > Subject: [amibroker] Re: How to force Backtester to Calculate
> > > >> Position Size on Open Price?
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> > I've always had the trade settings set to buyprice Open.
> > > >> >
> > > >> > Unfortunately, the backtester insists on using the Close, and I
> > > > can't
> > > >> > figure out why that is.
> > > >> >
> > > >> > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "gonzagags" <gonzagags@>
> wrote:
> > > >> > >
> > > >> > > Try in settings- trades, set in long trades buyprice in
> open..
> > > >> > >
> > > >> > >
> > > >> > > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "ozzyapeman" <zoopfree@>
> > wrote:
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > > > Hello, even though I have set Buyprice = Open; I noticed
> > > > that the
> > > >> > > > backtester report is displaying position sizes based on the
> > > >> Close of
> > > >> > > > the bar. On some trades this makes a huge difference.
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > > > I am backtesting Forex. And I imagine that when trading
> > on the
> > > >> Open,
> > > >> > > a
> > > >> > > > broker like IB will use the dynamic price of the Open to
> > > >> calculate
> > > >> > > the
> > > >> > > > exchange rate and position size, since the Close price is
> > > > not yet
> > > >> > > > known at the time of the trade.
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > > > So how do I force the backtester to mimic the above, and
> > > > calculate
> > > >> > > > position sizes based on Opens? Or is this not even an
> option?
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > > > I looked up Setoption in the reference guide, and don't
> seem
> > > >> to see
> > > >> > > an
> > > >> > > > appropriate setting to switch.
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > > > Any input appreciated.
> > > >> > > >
> > > >> > >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >>
> > > >
> >
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> >
> > > >> > No virus found in this incoming message.
> > > >> > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com
> > > >> > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.10.10/1906 - Release
> Date:
> > > >> 1/21/2009 7:07 AM
> > > >> >
> > > >>
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > > **** IMPORTANT ****
> > > > This group is for the discussion between users only.
> > > > This is *NOT* technical support channel.
> > > >
> > > > *********************
> > > > TO GET TECHNICAL SUPPORT from AmiBroker please send an e-mail
> > directly to
> > > > SUPPORT {at} amibroker.com
> > > > *********************
> > > >
> > > > For NEW RELEASE ANNOUNCEMENTS and other news always check DEVLOG:
> > > > http://www.amibroker.com/devlog/
> > > >
> > > > For other support material please check also:
> > > > http://www.amibroker.com/support.html
> > > >
> > > > *********************************
> > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> >
>
__._,_.___
**** IMPORTANT ****
This group is for the discussion between users only.
This is *NOT* technical support channel.
*********************
TO GET TECHNICAL SUPPORT from AmiBroker please send an e-mail directly to
SUPPORT {at} amibroker.com
*********************
For NEW RELEASE ANNOUNCEMENTS and other news always check DEVLOG:
http://www.amibroker.com/devlog/
For other support material please check also:
http://www.amibroker.com/support.html
*********************************
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