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Thanks Ed,
Took me a while to go through it.
A good share and a generous one too...... as you say it is very relevant because it is a real example.
--- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Ed Hoopes" <reefbreak_sd@xxx> wrote:
>
> All,
>
> I thought I would include some AFL that simulates multi-dimensioned arrays. Just to show a real world example that is actually used for trading. The problem:
>
> *** I needed to create a ranking value - here I used ROC - I use another ranker in my production version.
> *** I need to read each symbol in an arbitrary watchList, then compute ROC - this is done around line 35.
> *** I needed to create a reference index - I used the ETF VTI and plot it as the Yellow horizontal reference line that all other ETF's are compared to.
> *** I wanted to do relative ranking and absolute ranking - which is done with the Case/Switch statement which starts around line 60. Notice in the Ranking computation I create arrays of variables with VARSET. After all, I want to plot each ETFs rank each day.
> *** Then (HERE IS THE HARD PART - starting around line 106) I wanted to sort the results from best to worst, but the difficulty was keeping the symbol TEXT and its associated ROC ranking NUMBER together as a pair, then printing out those pairs best-to-worst in the Interpretation window. The 2 dimensional sort routine - lots of cha-cha-cha in here.
>
> Notice that the main sort loop is run backwards from NumSym (number of symbols) back down to zero.
>
> *** In the end this is one of my production tools I use to rank a selected list ETF's for trading. Lines above the yellow dashed line are out-performing the market (as defined by VTI) and those below are under-performing.
>
> Reef-Break
>
>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> START >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> // QFit Regression Multiplot
> // Ed Hoopes
> // June 2008
> // Rev A
> // Rev B - incorporated loop to read from Watchlist + Exploration + Rotational Trading;
> // Rev D - added sorted list to Interpretation window + Changed Exploration to add Inc/Dec rank
>
> EnableRotationalTrading();
> SetBarsRequired(80);
>
> NBars = Param("No. Bars", 47, 5, 300, 1 ); // # of bars for the comparision
> //NBars = Optimize("NBars", 47, 6, 20, 1 );
> LookBack = Param("LookBack", 0, 0, 500, 1 );
> MaxPos = Param("Max Open Pos", 2, 1, 10, 1 );
> //MaxPos = Optimize("Max Positions", 2, 1, 20, 1 );
> WRH = Param("Worst Rank Held", -0.100, -20, 20 );
> //WRH = Optimize("Worst Rank Held", 0.100, -20, 20, 0.5 );
> ASPct = Param("Apply Stop %", 6.0, 0, 7) ;
> //ASPct = Optimize("Apply Stop %", 4, 0, 10, .5);
> ReDelay = Param("ReEntry Delay", 3, 0, 50, 1);
> //ReDelay = Optimize("ReEntry Delay", 14, 0, 50, 3 );
> LongShort = ParamList("Long Short", "BOTH|LONG|SHORT" );
> //PlotOn = Param("Plot On?", 1, 0, 1, 1 );
> RelAbs = ParamList("Relative/Absolute", "REL|ABS" );
> SelectETF = ParamList( "ETF List Select", "ETFSel|ETFUniv|ETFGlobal|ETF-ExUltra|ETFShort|SelectList" );
> SelectList = Param("Select List", 23, 0, 256, 1) ;
> PlotStatus = ParamList("PlotStatus", "On|Off" );
>
> // Use VTI as the reference ticker;
> VTIprice = (Foreign("VTI", "O") + Foreign("VTI", "H") + Foreign("VTI", "L") + Foreign("VTI", "C")) / 4;
> LinRegRoCS = ROC(VTIprice, NBars); // Substituted ROC as price here;
> Plot(0, "VTI Rel Str", colorYellow, styleDashed );
>
> switch(SelectETF) // Case/Switch to select which ETF List to use;
> {
> case "ETFSel":
> Listnum = 4;
> break;
> case "ETFUniv":
> Listnum = 5;
> break;
> case "ETFGlobal":
> Listnum = 6;
> break;
> case "ETF-ExUltra":
> Listnum = 9;
> break;
> case "ETFShort":
> Listnum = 15;
> break;
> case "SelectList":
> Listnum = SelectList ;
> break;
>
>
> }
>
> // Create loop to plot & print each ETF in WatchList;
> _N(list = GetCategorySymbols( categoryWatchlist, listnum ));
> printf("\n"); // line 60 here;
>
> switch(RelAbs) // Case/Switch to select ranking relative to VTI or Absolute ranking;
> {
> case "REL": // ************ Relative to VTI Ranking ***************;
>
> for( i = 0; ( sym = StrExtract( list, i ) ) != ""; i++ )
> {
> Prc = (Foreign( sym, "O") + Foreign( sym, "H") + Foreign( sym, "L") + Foreign( sym, "C") ) / 4 ;
> LinRegRoC = ROC(Prc, NBars ); // Sub ROC here also;
> Diff = LinRegRoC - LinRegRoCS;
> NumSym = i;
> VarSet("Diff" + i, Diff);
> VarSet("Orig" + i, Diff);
> SymIndx[i] = DiffIndx[i] = i ;
> if(PlotStatus == "On")
> {
> Plot (Diff, sym, 21 + i , styleLine + styleThick);
> }
> // Changed color table to start at 21 - lighter colors;
> }
>
> break;
>
> case "ABS": // ************ Absolute ranking ***************;
>
>
> for( i = 0; ( sym = StrExtract( list, i ) ) != ""; i++ )
> {
> Prc = (Foreign( sym, "O") + Foreign( sym, "H") + Foreign( sym, "L") + Foreign( sym, "C") ) / 4 ;
> LinRegRoC = ROC(Prc, NBars ); // Sub ROC here also;
> Diff = LinRegRoC; //HERE is the change for Absolute Ranking;
> NumSym = i;
> VarSet("Diff" + i, Diff);
> VarSet("Orig" + i, Diff);
> SymIndx[i] = DiffIndx[i] = i ;
> if(PlotStatus == "On")
> {
> Plot (Diff, sym, 16 + i , styleLine + styleThick);
> }
> // Changed color table to start at 21 - lighter colors;
> }
>
> break;
> } // End of Case/Switch; // line 106;
>
> // Sort Routine;
> for(j = NumSym; j >= 0 ; j--)
> {
> for (k = 1; k <= j; k++)
> {
> NameA = VarGet("Diff" + k );
> NameB = VarGet("Diff" + (k-1));
> IndxA = SymIndx[k];
> IndxB = SymIndx[k-1];
> if (SelectedValue(NameB) > SelectedValue(NameA))
> {
> TempA = NameA;
> VarSet("Diff" + k, NameB);
> VarSet("Diff" + (k-1), TempA);
> TempIndx[k] = SymIndx[k];
> SymIndx[k] = SymIndx[k-1];
> SymIndx[k-1] = TempIndx[k];
> }
> }
> }
>
> // Print list out to the Interpretation Window;
>
> printf("VTI Rank Val = " + LinRegRoCS + "\n" + "\n" );
> for(m = NumSym; m >= 0; m-- )
> {
> OrigVal = VarGet("Orig" + SymIndx[m] );
> printf(" " + StrExtract( list, SymIndx[m] ) + " Rank" + SymIndx[m] + " = " + SelectedValue(OrigVal) + "\n" ) ;
> }
>
> // Rotational Trading;
> Prc = (O+H+L+C) /4;
> LRRoC = ROC(Prc, NBars ); // Sub ROC here also;
> Rank = LRRoC - LinRegRoCS;
>
> switch(LongShort)
> {
> case "BOTH": // ************ Long/Short Ranking ***************;
> PositionScore = Rank;
> break;
>
> case "LONG": // ************ Long only ranking ***************;
> PositionScore = IIf(Rank > 0, Rank, 0); // Long Only side;
> break;
>
> case "SHORT": // ************ Short only ranking ***************;
> PositionScore = IIf(Rank < 0, Rank, 0); // Short Only side;
> break;
> }
>
> PositionSize = -100 / MaxPos;
> SetOption("WorstRankHeld", WRH );
> SetOption("MaxOpenPositions", MaxPos );
> ApplyStop(stopTypeLoss, stopModePercent, ASPct, 0, volatile = False, ReEntryDelay = REDelay ) ;
>
> // Exploration ;
> ExplRank = Ref(Rank, 0 - LookBack);
> ExplRank1Wk = Ref(Rank, -5 - LookBack);
> ExplRank2Wk = Ref(Rank, -10 - LookBack);
> Filter = 1 ;
> AddColumn(Close, "Price", format= 3.2, width=70 ) ;
> AddColumn(Ref(ExplRank, 0 - LookBack), "Today", format= 3.3, Textcolor=IIf(ExplRank > 0, colorLime, colorRed), bkgndcolor=colorWhite, width=70);
> AddColumn(Ref(ExplRank1Wk, -5 - LookBack), "1 Wk", format= 3.3, Textcolor=IIf(ExplRank1Wk > 0, colorLime, colorRed), bkgndcolor=colorWhite, width=70);
> AddColumn(Ref(ExplRank2Wk, -10 - LookBack), "2 Wk", format= 3.3, Textcolor=IIf(ExplRank2Wk > 0, colorLime, colorRed), bkgndcolor=colorWhite, width=70);
>
>
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>
>
> --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Paul Ho" <paul.tsho@> wrote:
> >
> > Brian,
> > Have you looked int R for your matrix paradigm.
> > http://www.r-project.org/
> > Now vlanschot has kindly uploaded an interface between AB and R
> > http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/amibroker/message/129240
> > Even new york times is into R
> > http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/technology/business-computing/07program.html?_r=1&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink
> >
> > There is also an interface into IB from R
> > http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/IBrokers/vignettes/IBrokers.pdf
> >
> > I have not tried it myself. But I know you like to be in the bleeding edge :)
> >
> > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Dennis Brown <see3d@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Brian,
> > >
> > > You seem to be spouting a lot about things you know little about as if
> > > you were an authority. Please, a little more humility in such
> > > matters. A true general purpose "Matrix" language with true matrix
> > > operations would be found in the language "APL" (A Programming
> > > Language) or "J". Read about this, right down to the operator
> > > definitions, and you will understand. BTW, APL was the first "true"
> > > programming language I learned in 1969 (I don't count a programmable
> > > calculator I first used at my work).
> > >
> > > http://www.sigapl.org/
> > > http://www.jsoftware.com/
> > >
> > > Arrays in most languages are simple indexing of data cells like in a
> > > spreadsheet. The types of simple operations in a spreadsheet formula
> > > are easily done with loops in a general purpose language by indexing
> > > 1, 2, or more indexes. True matrix operations are a completely
> > > different bag.
> > >
> > > AFL arrays are specific implementations for processing time series
> > > data associated with equities. They are not general purpose and were
> > > never intended to be, though it is possible to hijack them for some
> > > general purpose things (which I do) if you understand the limitations
> > > --like automatic sizing.
> > >
> > > I fully support your general intensions of wanting to see more general
> > > and special purpose operations in AFL, that make it easier to
> > > implement a variety of solutions associated with equity evaluation and
> > > trading. Tomasz has added these things over time as their value
> > > becomes clear. I feel that AFL is one of AmiBroker's most valuable
> > > competitive advantages in the marketplace. IMHO, enhancing AFL to
> > > provide more control of a variety of low and high level functions
> > > should be a high priority. And in keeping with current themes,
> > > finding a way to teach non-programmers how to become AFL programmers
> > > should be a very high priority. It seems there is more desire to
> > > learn AFL than understanding of how to proceed with that education.
> > > AFL is actually a good language to learn programming for the first
> > > time. It hides many low level operation and syntax requirements so
> > > that the user can concentrate more on the problem rather than the
> > > process of programming.
> > >
> > > There have been books written as an introduction to programming using
> > > simple languages like BASIC. Following the general progression of
> > > such a book, but substituting AFL as the language, is what is perhaps
> > > missing.
> > >
> > > For a non-programmer. Learning several languages to be able to
> > > program their systems is too much to ask. Having all the needed
> > > elements for even advanced system development contained within an AFL
> > > "wrapper" is in my opinion a superior approach for the benefit of AB
> > > users coming up the AFL learning curve.
> > >
> > > Best regards,
> > > Dennis
> > >
> > >
> > > On Mar 24, 2009, at 9:27 AM, brian_z111 wrote:
> > >
> > > > Hello Tomasz,
> > > >
> > > > Thanks for your educational post, I thoroughly enjoyed it.
> > > >
> > > > Quirky != bad;
> > > >
> > > > (some people like quirkiness ... like Bob Dylan in his song "Simple
> > > > Twist of Fate")
> > > >
> > > > Of course I am just giving an opinion from my perspective (personal).
> > > >
> > > > Re your points:
> > > >
> > > > C language - I was just quoting from one of your posts .... I should
> > > > have given the link because you did include some context
> > > >
> > > > http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/amibroker/message/135059
> > > >
> > > >> As for "matrix" operations - that this does not belong to the
> > > >> >definition of any general purpose language.
> > > >
> > > > I did a little bit of reading on 'languages that have array
> > > > functions' when we had a short discussion on array programming
> > > > before and found this link:
> > > >
> > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages_(array)
> > > >
> > > > (it comes from the Wikipedia array page)
> > > >
> > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array
> > > >
> > > > As I said, there is no point in comparing AFL to a GP language ....
> > > > it is quirky to me that AFL is an array language and doesn't have a
> > > > full suite of array functions .... perhaps other languages that are
> > > > intended to handle price arrays etc would be a better comparison.
> > > >
> > > >> Having said that, for anyone needing multiple dimensional arrays in
> > > >> AFL there are several options:
> > > >
> > > >> a) use VarGet/VarSet (the 2-dim array is simply array of the array,
> > > >> so for N:M 2-dim array you need N AFL arrays)
> > > >> b) using embedded JScript parts with AFL
> > > >> c) using free open source Osaka plugin (you can extend it to your
> > > >> needs since all sources are available)
> > > >> d) using any external COM object (written in VB for example if you
> > > >> need that)
> > > >
> > > > Except for a) none of these meet the criteria of "Native" to the
> > > > language (AFL)
> > > >
> > > > VarGet/VarSet can hardly be described as a suite of array functions.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Neither a, b, c or d achieve your own stated objective:
> > > >
> > > >> SIMPLICITY OF USE plus compactness of code is the paramount design
> > > >> >decision.
> > > >
> > > >> The database is exposed in two ways:
> > > >> First (more general)
> > > >> full OLE read/write direct access to the database - see Stocks/
> > > >> Stock/Quotations/Quotation objects:
> > > >> http://www.amibroker.com/guide/objects.html
> > > >> - and this OLE interface is DIRECTLY available from AFL level.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > That is very good for developers/instutions and the handful of
> > > > traders who want to write their own trading program built around AB.
> > > >
> > > > Hardly what the average trader wants to have to do before they can
> > > > start trading.
> > > >
> > > > Anyway, all of this could be done much easier from within AFL using
> > > > AFL functions .... there is no need at all to use OLE for this type
> > > > of thing .... it seems like overkill to me for a simple array
> > > > processing language.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >> Second (easier)
> > > >> AddToComposite/Foreign - gives you easy to use way to STORE and
> > > >> >READ from the AmiBroker database.
> > > >
> > > > ATC is time dependent ... when timeframe compression is used it
> > > > starts to become quirky and that is just the beginning.
> > > >
> > > > Once again hardly a substitute for a full suite of native database
> > > > functions.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Tomasz Janeczko" <groups@>
> > > > wrote:
> > > >>
> > > >> Hello,
> > > >>
> > > >> There are several misconceptions in what was written here.
> > > >> AFL is specifically designed to protect the newbie and people
> > > >> without coding experience
> > > >> from programming stuff like memory allocation/deallocation, pointer
> > > >> manipulation,
> > > >> declarations, type casting, etc.
> > > >>
> > > >> So although it looks like C it is way more easy than C.
> > > >>
> > > >> What is single operator in AFL (like array addition) involves many
> > > >> line of code in C
> > > >> plus memory allocation/deallocation (and keeping track on all that).
> > > >>
> > > >> SIMPLICITY OF USE plus compactness of code is the paramount design
> > > >> decision.
> > > >> That's why arrays in AFL are automatically managed, have size that
> > > >> automatically
> > > >> refers to "visible" area, so you can simply add arrays with single
> > > >> + operator.
> > > >>
> > > >> With general purpose C language with "normal" arrays you would need
> > > >> to manage memory for arrays by yourself,
> > > >> alignment (if size differs which elements to add), looping (you
> > > >> need to perform calculations
> > > >> on individual elements of array).
> > > >> (maybe you don't know but in C and there are no built-in dynamic
> > > >> arrays, only fixed compile-time size is supported,
> > > >> and dynamic array is implemented via pointers and explicit memory
> > > >> allocation malloc/free)
> > > >>
> > > >> As for "matrix" operations - that this does not belong to the
> > > >> definition of any general purpose language.
> > > >>
> > > >> There are no "matrix" operations in any popular general purpose
> > > >> language C/C++/Java/JScript/Basic/Pascal.
> > > >>
> > > >> In C/C++ even scalar trigonometric operations like sin( x) or
> > > >> string concatenation are NOT part of the language.
> > > >>
> > > >> The language itself defines:
> > > >> a) syntax
> > > >> b) basic arithmetic operators + precedence working on primitive
> > > >> types only (scalar integer and/or float)
> > > >> c) flow control (conditional execution, loops)
> > > >> d) structural concepts (variables/functions/procedures/structures/
> > > >> objects)
> > > >> e) some miscellaneous stuff like run-time type info, exception
> > > >> handling etc.
> > > >>
> > > >> And that's it.
> > > >>
> > > >> Anything more is supplied by LIBRARIES. In C there is a library for
> > > >> basic string manipulation (such as concatenation
> > > >> - strcat) or floating point. The same with any high-level stuff
> > > >> like matrices - this is the area which
> > > >> is implemented by EXTERNAL libraries (not part of the language).
> > > >> Libraries in AFL can be provided by:
> > > >> a) #include - the AFL code implementing features via functions
> > > >> b) AmiBroker Development Kit - allowing to write extensions
> > > >> (functions) as a DLL in any compiled language.
> > > >> c) JScript/VBScript
> > > >> d) any external COM object http://www.amibroker.com/guide/a_aflcom.html
> > > >>
> > > >> This covers any imaginable application and any imaginable need you
> > > >> may have.
> > > >>
> > > >> Having said that, for anyone needing multiple dimensional arrays in
> > > >> AFL there are several options:
> > > >> a) use VarGet/VarSet (the 2-dim array is simply array of the array,
> > > >> so for N:M 2-dim array you need N AFL arrays)
> > > >> b) using embedded JScript parts with AFL
> > > >> c) using free open source Osaka plugin (you can extend it to your
> > > >> needs since all sources are available)
> > > >> d) using any external COM object (written in VB for example if you
> > > >> need that)
> > > >>
> > > >> If anyone is "advanced enough" to need multiple dimensional arrays,
> > > >> it is also "advanced enough" to use these options
> > > >> without any trouble.
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> Also with regards to:
> > > >>> - some of the architecture of AB is quirky also e.g. essentially
> > > >>> it is a database, at the binary level, but you can't write
> > > >>> directly to the native database
> > > >> That is entirely not true.
> > > >> The database is exposed in two ways:
> > > >> First (more general)
> > > >> full OLE read/write direct access to the database - see Stocks/
> > > >> Stock/Quotations/Quotation objects:
> > > >> http://www.amibroker.com/guide/objects.html
> > > >> - and this OLE interface is DIRECTLY available from AFL level.
> > > >>
> > > >> Second (easier)
> > > >> AddToComposite/Foreign - gives you easy to use way to STORE and
> > > >> READ from the AmiBroker database.
> > > >>
> > > >> Best regards,
> > > >> Tomasz Janeczko
> > > >> amibroker.com
> > > >> ----- Original Message -----
> > > >> From: "brian_z111" <brian_z111@>
> > > >> To: <amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > > >> Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 1:46 AM
> > > >> Subject: [amibroker] Re: AFL 101
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >>> My perspective as a newcomer to programming when I started into AB/
> > > >>> AFL around 2-3 years ago:
> > > >>>
> > > >>> - Tomasz says that AB is most like C
> > > >>> - primarily one has to learn AFL fullstop
> > > >>> - experienced programmers sometimes have to unlearn somethings and
> > > >>> find this hard to do for a while
> > > >>> - in some ways programming naivity paid off for me as I am at home
> > > >>> with array programming
> > > >>> - in other places I am lost because nothing can fill the missing
> > > >>> link of not being familiar with syntax that is common to other
> > > >>> languages (called experience)
> > > >>> - AFL is quirky ..... some things that intuitively and logically
> > > >>> seem needed are 'missing' and then you have to work around that
> > > >>> e.g. IMO it is bizarre that AFL has been around for many years but
> > > >>> doesn't have dynamic arrays or matrix functions ... the quirky
> > > >>> aspects of AFL make it extremely difficult for lay people ...
> > > >>> every time you get on a roll you find an exception
> > > >>> - some of the architecture of AB is quirky also e.g. essentially
> > > >>> it is a database, at the binary level, but you can't write
> > > >>> directly to the native database
> > > >>> - to save you future distress....many in the past have asked for
> > > >>> an AFL book...the logic seems compelling to me
> > > >>> - everyone starts from a different place so some need an 'Intro to
> > > >>> AB', book
> > > >>> - I like Howards contributions overall but IMO it is rather old
> > > >>> world to publish in hard copy ... an ebook would be much better
> > > >>> ... we have to consider that AB/AFL is way beyond the 500 pages
> > > >>> allocated to it ib Howard's 2 books.
> > > >>> - the AFL library is not the place to learn code ... good for
> > > >>> sharing code between experienced AFL'ers
> > > >>> - this forum is a book and contains at least 1000* the code, help,
> > > >>> code and trading tips available anywhere else .....
> > > >>> unfortunately it lacks sections, an index and topics etc .... once
> > > >>> again the logic for a better forum (from an educational
> > > >>> perspective) seems compelling.
> > > >>>
> > > >>> (Sorry Rik but Google searching Yahoo doesn't reference threads
> > > >>> does it?)
> > > >>>
> > > >>> - AB/AFL is huge ... I don't think any layperson will ever cover
> > > >>> it all without a big effort to become a programming expert,
> > > >>> albeit one who specialises in AFL
> > > >>>
> > > >>> - AB is not a democracy or an open project
> > > >>>
> > > >>> BTW all of the advice given in this thread so far is spot on.
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>> --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "louies88" <Louies88@> wrote:
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> I think Amibroker is great, especially its AFL. Although I don't
> > > >>>> know enough about it to claim that it's superior than most other
> > > >>>> scripting languages out there, I know for a fact that this is one
> > > >>>> of the best. That also begs the question of how a person w/
> > > >>>> virtually no programming background can get started w/ AFL. I
> > > >>>> followed this forum long enough to note that some of you in here
> > > >>>> are excellent coders. The codes that I often see are flawless and
> > > >>>> eloquent, which then makes me think how long does it take a
> > > >>>> coding newbie such as myself to attain that coding level.
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> I look at it this way. Coding a computer language is pretty
> > > >>>> similar to learning a foreign language. I remember how my first
> > > >>>> English class went. I started out by learning a few basic
> > > >>>> vocabulary words, then use some of it in the form of a noun, then a
> > > >>>> verb, finally an object. Sentence structures, or in computer
> > > >>>> language better known as syntax, govern if a sentence is
> > > >>>> grammatically correct or if it's not. With that in mind, I also
> > > >>>> started out by looking at the AFL Library in Amibroker. I
> > > >>>> downloaded all of the functions in the hope of building myself an
> > > >>>> Amibroker vocabulary and started to put some of the basic
> > > >>>> vocabulary words together to make a "sentence."
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> However, since there isn't any kind of document FORMALLY teaching
> > > >>>> the ABC of coding in Amibroker, I'm left w/ a question how does
> > > >>>> Amibroker syntax work? Some of the experienced coders here often
> > > >>>> compare AFL syntax to that of C++. But for a person w/ neither
> > > >>>> background in AFL or C++ or any other computer langugae, the
> > > >>>> question remains: How do I get start? Where's the square one?
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Anybody w/ such experience is highly appreciated if he/she's
> > > >>>> willing to shed a light on this.
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Thanks
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>
> > >
> >
>
------------------------------------
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