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Hello,A new beta version (4.41.2) of AmiBroker has
just been released.It is available for registered users only from the
members area at:<A
href=""><FONT
size=2>http://www.amibroker.com/members/bin/ab4412beta.exe<FONT
size=2>If you forgot your user name / password to the members areayou can
use automatic reminder service at: <A
href=""><FONT
size=2>http://www.amibroker.com/login.htmlThe
highlight of this new version is multiple time frame support in
AFL.
The instructions are available below and in the "ReadMe" file
( Help->Read Me menu from AmiBroker
)
CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.41.2 (as compared to 4.41.1)
now Sum produces values for periods upto and including BarCount, so Sum(
array, BarCount ) gives the value instead of Null
fixed problem with saving parameters on exit when the user did not
specify default value for string parameter using ParamStr("name", "")
fixed 38-byte memory leak when returning values from user-defined
functions
real-time mode: after AFL syntax error commentary AFL editor is not
refreshed until error is fixed and user presses 'apply'
eSignal 1.6.0 plugin (available separately from<A
href="">
http://www.amibroker.com/bin/eSignal160.exe):
much quicker backfills
implemented force-reconnect feature in eSignal plugin
fixed minor timing issue in eSignal plugin
implemented workaround to invalid tick numbers sent sometimes by
eSignal's data manager.
thanks to all users for reporting errors and helping ironing out
outstanding issues.
Best regards,Tomasz Janeczkoamibroker.com
AmiBroker 4.41.2 Beta Read Me
September 12, 2003 20:34
THIS IS A BETA VERSION OF THE SOFTWARE. EXPECT BUGS !!!
Backup your data files and entire AmiBroker folder
first!
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
IMPORTANT: This archive is update-only. You have to install full
version 4.40 first.
Just run the installer and follow the instructions.
Then run AmiBroker. You should see "AmiBroker 4.41.2 beta" written in the
About box.
See CHANGE LOG below for detailed list of changes.
HELP ON NEW FEATURES
Multiple time frame support
Release 4.41 brings ability to use multiple time frames (bar intervals) in
single formula. The time frame functions can be divided into 3 functional
groups:
switching time frame of build-in O, H, L, C, V, OI, Avg arrays:
TimeFrameSet, TimeFrameRestore
compressing/expanding single arrays to/from specified interval:
TimeFrameCompress, TimeFrameExpand
immediate access to price/volume arrays in different time frame:
TimeFrameGetPrice
First group is used when your formula needs to perform some
calculations on indicators in different time frame than currently selected one.
For example if you need to calculate 13-bar moving average on 5 minute data and
9 bar exponential avarage from hourly data while current interval is 1 minute
you would write:
TimeFrameSet( in5Minute ); // switch to 5 minute
frame
/* MA now operates on 5 minute data, ma5_13 holds time-compressed 13
bar MA of 5min bars */
ma5_13 = MA( C, 13 );
TimeFrameSet( inHourly ); // switch now
to hourly
mah_9 = EMA( C, 9 ); // 9 bar moving average from hourly
data
TimeFrameRestore(); // restore time frame to
original
Plot( Close, "Price", colorWhite, styleCandle );
// plot expanded average
Plot( TimeFrameExpand( ma5_13, in5Minute), "13 bar
moving average from 5 min bars", colorRed );Plot(
TimeFrameExpand( mah_9, inHourly), "9 bar moving average from
hourly bars", colorRed );
TimeFrameSet( interval ) - replaces current
built-in price/volume arrays: open, high, low, close, volume, openint, avg with
time-compressed bars of specified interval once you switched to a different time
frame all calculations and built-in indicators operate on selected time frame.
To get back to original interval call TimeFrameRestore() funciton. Interval is
time frame interval in seconds. For example: 60 is one minute bar. You should
use convenient constants for common intervals: in1Minute, in5Minute, in15Minute,
inHourly, inDaily, inWeekly, inMonthly.
TimeFrameRestore() - restores price arrays replaced by
SetTimeFrame.Note that only OHLC, V, OI and Avg built-in variables are restored
to original time frame when you call TimeFrameRestore().All other variables
created when being in different time frame remain compressed. To de-compress
them to original interval you have to use TimeFrameExpand.
Once you switch the time frame using TimeFrameSet, all AFL functions operate
on this time frame until you switch back the time frame to original interval
using TimeFrameRestore or set to different interval again using TimeFrameSet. It
is good idea to ALWAYS call TimeFrameRestore when you are done with processing
in other time frames.
When time frame is switched to other than original interval the results of
all functions called since TimeFrameSet are time-compressed too. If you want to
display them in original time frame you would need to 'expand' them as described
later. Variables created and assigned before call to TimeFrameSet() remain in
the time frame they were created. This behaviour allows mixing unlimited
different time frames in single formula.
Please note that you can only compress data from shorter interval to longer
interval. So when working with 1-minute data you can compress to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
....N-minute data. But when working with 15 minute data you can not get 1-minute
data bars. In a similar way if you have only EOD data you can not access
intraday time frames.
Second group: TimeFrameCompress/TimeFrameExpand allow to
compress and expand single arrays to / from different time frames. Especially
worth mentioning is TimeFrameExpand that is used to decompress array variables
that were created in different time frame. Decompressing is required to properly
display the array created in different time frame. For example if you want to
display weekly moving average it must be 'expanded' so the data of one weekly
bar covers five daily bars (Monday-Friday) of corresponding week.
TimeFrameExpand( array, interval, mode = expandLast ) -
expands time-compressed array from 'interval' time frame to base time frame
('interval' must match the value used in TimeFrameCompress or
TimeFrameSet)Available modes:expandLast - the compressed value is
expanded starting from last bar within given period (so for example weekly
close/high/low is available on Friday's bar)expandFirst - the compressed
value is expanded starting from first bar within given period (so for example
weekly open is available from Monday's bar)expandPoint - the resulting array
gets not empty values only for the last bar within given period (all remaining
bars are Null (empty)).
Caveat: expandFirst used on price different than open may look into the
future. For example if you create weekly HIGH series, expanding it to daily
interval using expandFirst will enable you to know on MONDAY what was the high
for entire week.
TimeFrameCompress is provided for completeness and it can be used when you
want to compress single array without affecting built-in OHLC,V arrays. If you
call TimeFrameCompress it does not affect results of other functions.
wc = TimeFrameCompress( Close, inWeekly );
/* now the time frame is still unchanged (say daily) and our MA will
operate on daily data */
dailyma = MA( C, 14 );
/* but if we call MA on compressed array, it will give MA from other
time frame */
weeklyma = MA( wc, 14 ); // note that argument is time-compressed
array
Plot( dailyma, "DailyMA", colorRed );
weeklyma = TimeFrameExpand( weeklyma, inWeekly ); // expand for
display
Plot( weeklyma, "WeeklyMA", colorBlue );
During this formula the time frame remained at original setting we only
compressed single array.
TimeFrameCompress( array, interval, mode = compressLast
)- compresses single array to given interval using given compression mode
available modes:compressLast - last (close) value of the array within
intervalcompressOpen - open value of the array within
intervalcompressHigh - highest value of the array within
intervalcompressLow - lowest value of the array within
intervalcompressVolume - sum of values of the array within
interval
graph0 = TimeFrameExpand( TimeFrameCompress( Close, inWeekly, compressLast
), inWeekly, expandLast );graph1 = TimeFrameExpand( TimeFrameCompress( Open,
inWeekly, compressOpen ), inWeekly, expandFirst );
Third group consist of just one useful function:
TimeFrameGetPrice which allows to reference price and volume from other time
frames without switching /compressing/expanding time frames. Just one function
call to retrieve price from higher time frame. It allows also to reference not
only current but past bars from different time frames.
TimeFrameGetPrice( pricefield, interval, shift = 0, mode =
expandFirst );- references OHLCV fields from other time frames. This works
immediatelly without need to call TimeFrameSet at all.Price field is one of
the following: "O", "H", "L", "C", "V", "I" (open interest). Interval is bar
interval in seconds. shift allows to reference past (negative values) and future
(positive values) data in higher time frame. For example -1 gives previous bar's
data (like in Ref function but this works in higher time frame).
Examples:
TimeFrameGetPrice( "O", inWeekly, -1 ) - gives you previous
week OPEN priceTimeFrameGetPrice( "C", inWeekly, -3 ) - gives
you weekly Close price 3 weeks agoTimeFrameGetPrice( "H", inWeekly, -2
) - gives you weekly High price 2 weeks agoTimeFrameGetPrice(
"O", inWeekly, 0 ) - gives you this week open price.
TimeFrameGetPrice( "H", inDaily, -1 ) - gives previous day
high when working on intraday data
Shift works as in Ref() function but it is applied to compressed time
frame.
Note these functions work like these 3 nested
functionsTimeFrameExpand( Ref( TimeFrameCompress( array, interval,
compress(depending on field used) ), shift ), interval, expandFirst
)therefore if shift = 0 compressed data may look into the future (
weekly high can be known on monday ). If you want to write a trading system
using this function please make sure to reference PAST data by using negative
shift value.The only difference is that TimeFrameGetPrice is 2x faster
than nested Expand/Compress.
Note on performance of TimeFrame functions:a)
Measurements done on Athlon 1.46GHz, 18500 daily bars compressed to weekly
time frameTimeFrameGetPrice( "C", inWeekly, 0 ) - 0.0098 sec (9.8
milliseconds)TimeFrameSet( inWeekly ) - 0.012 sec (12
milliseconds)TimeFrameRestore( ) - 0.006 sec (6
milliseconds)TimeFrameCompress( Close, inWeekly, compressLast ); - 0.0097
sec (9.7 milliseconds)TimeFrameExpand( array, inWeekly, expandLast ); -
0.0098 sec (9.8 milliseconds)
b) Measurements done on Athlon 1.46GHz, 1000 daily bars compressed to
weekly time frameall functions below 0.0007 sec (0.7
millisecond)
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1: Plotting weekly MACD and cross arrows from daily data
TimeFrameSet( inWeekly );m = MACD(12, 26 ); // MACD from WEEKLY
dataTimeFrameRestore();
m1 = TimeFrameExpand( m, inWeekly );
Plot( m1, "Weekly MACD", colorRed );PlotShapes( Cross( m1, 0 ) *
shapeUpArrow, colorGreen );PlotShapes( Cross( 0, m1 ) * shapeDownArrow,
colorGreen );
EXAMPLE 2: weekly candlestick chart overlaid on line daily price
chart
wo = TimeFrameGetPrice( "O", inWeekly, 0, expandPoint );wh =
TimeFrameGetPrice( "H", inWeekly, 0, expandPoint );wl = TimeFrameGetPrice(
"L", inWeekly, 0, expandPoint );wc = TimeFrameGetPrice( "C", inWeekly, 0,
expandPoint );
PlotOHLC( wo, wh, wl, wc, "Weekly Close", colorWhite, styleCandle
);Plot( Close, "Daily Close", colorBlue );
EXAMPLE 3: Simplified Triple screen system
/* switch to weekly time frame */TimeFrameSet( inWeekly
);whist = MACD( 12, 26 ) - Signal( 12, 26, 9 );wtrend = ROC( whist, 1 );
// weekly trend - one week change of weekly macd
histogramTimeFrameRestore();
/* expand calculated MACD to daily so we can use it with daily
signals */wtrend = TimeFrameExpand( wtrend, inWeekly );
/* elder ray */bullpower= High - ema(Close,13);bearpower=
Low - ema(Close,13);
Buy = wtrend > 0 /* 1st screen: positive weekly trend
*/ANDbearpower < 0 and bearpower > Ref( bearpower, -1 ) /* 2nd
screen bear power negative but rising */ANDH > Ref( H, -1 ); /* 3rd
screen, if prices make a new high */
BuyPrice = Ref( H, -1 ); // buy stop level;
Sell = 0 ; // exit only by stopsApplyStop( stopTypeProfit,
stopModePercent, 30, True );ApplyStop( stopTypeTrailing, stopModePercent,
20, True );
CHANGE LOG
CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.41.2 (as compared to 4.41.1)
now Sum produces values for periods upto and including BarCount, so Sum(
array, BarCount ) gives the value instead of Null
fixed problem with saving parameters on exit when the user did not
specify default value for string parameter using ParamStr("name", "")
fixed 38-byte memory leak when returning values from user-defined
functions
real-time mode: after AFL syntax error commentary AFL editor is not
refreshed until error is fixed and user presses 'apply'
eSignal 1.6.0 plugin (available separately from<A
href="">
http://www.amibroker.com/bin/eSignal160.exe):
much quicker backfills
implemented force-reconnect feature in eSignal plugin
fixed minor timing issue in eSignal plugin
implemented workaround to invalid tick numbers sent sometimes by
eSignal's data manager.
thanks to all users for reporting errors and helping ironing out
outstanding issues.
CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.41.1 (as compared to 4.41.0)
fixed chart refresh locking that happened when user was drawing some
object and abandonend it by pressing ESC key.
View->Refresh and View->Refresh All menus now reset internal chart
refresh lock flag just in case.
plugin status is refreshed more often
maximum number of chart sheets increased to 60 (Caveat: when you increase
the number of sheets you would not be able to use the layouts with OLDER
versions of the software)
TimeFrameSet() now affects result of Interval() AFL function.
TimeFrameRestore() resets it back.
Plot() makes copies of OHL arrays when styleCandle or styleBar is used so
statements likeSetForeign("AAPL");Plot( C, "Price", colorYellow,
styleCandle );SetForeign("MSFT");Plot( C, "Price 2", colorBlue,
styleCandle );plot correctly. Previously one would need to use
PlotOHLC() or PlotForeign()
separate heap for syntax tree walker implemented, so larger AFL programs
like PortfolioTrader should execute faster while retaining the speed
improvement gained in 4.40.4 for small formulas.
CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.41.0 (as compared to 4.40.4)
legacy 'stoch()' function removed. Use StochK and StochD instead.
weekly / monthly charts are not affected by intraday compression
settingsin preferences any more and always use last available day date for
time stamp of time-compressed bar.
Pref: Misc: auto-hide timeout field: added check for allowed values from
1...32
TimeFrameSet( interval ) function implemented-
replaces current price/volume arrays: open, high, low, close, volume, openint,
avg with time-compressed bars of specified interval once you switched to a
different time frame all calculations and built-in indicators operate on
selected time frame. To get back to original interval call TimeFrameRestore()
funciton.
TimeFrameRestore()- restores price arrays replaced
by SetTimeFrame.
Note that only OHLC, V, OI and Avg built-in variables are restored to
original time frame when you call TimeFrameRestore(). All other variables
created when being in different time frame remain compressed. To de-compress
them to original interval use TimeFrameExpand
TimeFrameCompress( array, interval, mode = compressLast
)- compresses single array to given interval using given mode, available
modes:compressLast - last (close) value of the array within
intervalcompressOpen - open value of the array within
intervalcompressHigh - highest value of the array within
intervalcompressLow - lowest value of the array within
intervalcompressVolume - sum values of the array within interval
TimeFrameExpand( array, interval, mode = expandLast
)- expands time-compressed array from 'interval' time frame('interval'
must match the value used in TimeFrameCompress or TimeFrameSet)Available
modes:
expandLast - the compressed value is expanded starting from last bar
within given period (so for example weekly close/high/low is available on
Friday's bar)
expandFirst - the compressed value is expanded starting from first bar
within given period(so for example weekly open is available from
Monday's bar)
expandPoint - the resulting array gets not empty values only for the
last bar within given period (all remaining bars are Null
(empty))Caveat: expandFirst used on price different than open may look
into the future.For example if you create weekly HIGH series, expanding
it to daily interval using expandFirst will enable you to know on MONDAY
what was the high for entire week.graph0 = TimeFrameExpand(
TimeFrameCompress( Close, inWeekly, compressLast ), inWeekly, expandLast
);graph1 = TimeFrameExpand( TimeFrameCompress( Open, inWeekly,
compressOpen ), inWeekly, expandFirst );
TimeFrameGetPrice( pricefield, interval, shift = 0, mode
= expandFirst );- references OHLCV fields from other time
frames.This works immediatelly without need to call
TimeFrameSetTimeFrameGetPrice( "O", inWeekly, -1 ) -
gives you previous week OPEN priceTimeFrameGetPrice( "C", inWeekly,
-3 ) - gives you weekly Close price 3 weeks
agoTimeFrameGetPrice( "H", inWeekly, -2 ) - gives you weekly
High price 2 weeks agoTimeFrameGetPrice( "O", inWeekly, 0 ) -
gives you this week open price.TimeFrameGetPrice( "H", inDaily, -1
) - gives previous day high when working on intraday
dataPrice field is one of the following"O", "H", "L", "C", "V",
"I" (open interest)Shift works as in Ref() function but it is applied
to compressed time frame.Note these functions work like these 3 nested
functionsTimeFrameExpand( Ref( TimeFrameCompress( array, interval,
compress(depending on field used) ), shift ), interval, expandFirst
)therefore if shift = 0 compressed data may look into the future (
weekly high can be known on monday ). If you want to write a trading system
using this function please make sure to reference PAST data by using negative
shift value.The only difference is that TimeFrameGetPrice is 2x faster
than nested Expand/Compress.
new interval / timeframe constants:in1Minute =
60in5Minute = 5 * 60 in15Minute = 15
* 60 inHourly = 3600 inDaily = 24 *
3600inWeekly = 5 * 24 * 3600
inMonthly = 25 * 24 * 3600
compressLast = 0 compressOpen
= 1 compressHigh = 2 compressLow = 3
compressVolume = 4 expandLast =
0 expandFirst = 1 expandPoint = 2
SetForeign( 'ticker' )- replaces current
price/volume arrays with those of foreign security, returns True if ticker
exists, False otherwise.If ticker does not exist (and function returns
false) price arrays are not changed at all.Equivalent to the
following sequence:C = Foreign( "ticker", "C" );O = Foreign(
"ticker", "O" );H = Foreign( "ticker", "H" );L = Foreign( "ticker",
"L" );V = Foreign( "ticker", "V" );OI = Foreign( "ticker", "I"
);Avg = ( C + H + L )/3;but 6x faster (SetForeign takes
about the same time as single foreign). To restore original prices
callRestorePriceArrays();EXAMPLE:SetForeign( "MSFT"
);dm = MACD(); // dm holds MACD of MSFT regardless of currently selected
symbolRestorePriceArrays();Plot( dm, "MACD of MSFT", colorRed
);Plot( MACD(), "MACD of " + Name(), colorBlue );
RestorePriceArrays();restores arrays overwritten by
SetForeign/TimeFrameSet
HOW TO REPORT BUGS
If you experience any problem with this beta version please send detailed
description of the problem (especially the steps needed to reproduce it) to <A
href="">bugs@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Yahoo! Groups Sponsor
Send BUG REPORTS to bugs@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Send SUGGESTIONS to suggest@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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