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RE: [amibroker] Re: Parameter selection, MCS (for phsst)



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Good 
question.
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size=2> 
I 
think you are correct when you assume that 40,000 trades is probably enough to 
say that the system in question is fairly robust.   It's a function of 
how many parameters are being used by the system.   The particular 
system relating to the equity curve I posted has five parameters, so I feel that 
40,000 trades is excessively more than is required to prove to me that the 
system works well.   I don't have a specific ratio of trades per 
parameter in mind, but 40,000 is more than enough in this 
case.  
<FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2> 
MCS 
will show me if there are some very large profits in a few trades.  I 
mentioned that there were about 100 stocks with profits of more than 
8000%.   MCS will show me the equity curve for the worst case scenario 
where I missed all of those trades due to insufficient cash to take every 
signal.
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size=2> 
As 
much as anything, I am using TradeSim's MCS capability to show me how much 
profit I could expect based on a specific starting capital.    
Once TJ incorporates a bit more logic in this area, it won't be necessary for me 
to export to TradeSim to see this effect.
<BLOCKQUOTE 
>
  <FONT face="Times New Roman" 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----From: phsst 
  [mailto:phsst@xxxxxxxxx]Sent: Saturday, April 19, 2003 12:34 
  AMTo: amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxSubject: [amibroker] Re: 
  Parameter selection, MCS (for Thomas)Chuck,In 
  your example, you specified that you used MCS against 40,000 tradesto 
  determine reliability.Since I am not familiar with MCS, is it safe to 
  assume that the largerthe number of samples the more reliable the 
  conclusions that are drawnfrom MCS analysis... or can smaller samples be 
  applied to MCSeffectively?I am not a mathematician like DT... so 
  what constraints should beconsidered when using MCS analysis re. number of 
  samples.Phsst  --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 
  "Chuck Rademacher"<chuck_rademacher@x> wrote:> Sorry, Thomas, 
  I must have not been very clear in my explanation.> > Here are 
  my steps for parameter selection (right or wrong):> > 
  1.   Optimize over the entire universe of stocks that traded 
  between1992> and today (13,500 stocks after filtering for minimum 
  price/volume).This> process is looking for ONE parameter set across 
  all stocks.> 2.   Check for outliers (huge profits or 
  losses).   This is moreimportant> for long-term systems 
  that might have bought in 1995 and sold andthe peak> in 
  2000.> 3.   Remove the stocks with the largest outlier 
  trades.   In theexample I> gave, trading $10,000, I 
  removed the stocks where single tradesgenerated> more than (say) 
  $200,000.   AOL, MSFT and a few others generatedmore 
  than> $1 million in profits so I don't want those trades in my 
  parameter> selection.> 4.   Re-optimize to get "best" 
  parameter set over all remainingstocks.    I> don't 
  really want to get into defining "best" here.> 5.   I might 
  repeat steps 3 and 4 if I get a new set of large outliers.> 
  6.   Put the removed stocks back into the watchlist.> 
  7.   Run Scan to see equity curve with or without 
  compounding.> 8.   When it comes to live trading, my systems 
  are looking at allstocks.> Removing stocks from the universe was 
  only done to achieve (IMO) better> parameter selection.> 
  > > While I'm at it, I may as well tell you the steps I take to 
  decideif the> system is even worth doing the steps delineated 
  above.   Here iswhat I do> to see if the system has any 
  merit in the first place:> > 1.  Optimize the system over 
  data between 1994 and 2001(approximately) to> find the "best" 
  parameter set.> 2.  Using that parameter set, run the same system 
  over data between1992 and> 1993 as well as over the period 2002 and 
  2003.   If the performancelooks> "almost" as good over 
  those periods (per trade, per annum, drawdown,etc.),> then the 
  system (IMO) is worth more effort.> 3.  If the out-of-sample 
  performance is not good (definition?), Iadd it to> my scrap heap of 
  thousands of other rejected systems.> > > > You 
  then asked about MCS.   I use Monte Carlo Simulation to see 
  whathappens> when I trade a random selection of my buy/short 
  signals.   You mayrecall an> equity curve that I posted 
  not too long ago.   From memory, that curve> reflected the 
  results of over 40,000 trades.   The initial capitalfor 
  each> trade was $10,000.   I wouldn't want to trade less than 
  $10,000,> particularly when I only like to trade round lots (multiple 
  of 100shares).> To take all of the signals generated by that system 
  would requireabout $10> million in capital, based on $10,000 
  initial capital per trade.  Probably> beyond the scope of most 
  individual traders.> > So... how do I reduce the number of 
  signals so that I can afford to take> every trade.   While we 
  patiently wait for TJ to add some portfolio> management functionality 
  to AB, I export the trades from AB to TradeSim.> TradeSim has full MCS 
  capability.    Someone in this group 
  postedreferences> to some other software that does MCS.> 
  > In any event, I can tell TradeSim that I only have $300,000 (or 
  anyother> amount) and it will RANDOMLY select signals that it will 
  trade.  Ican tell> TradeSim to do 15,000 random selections and 
  it will show me the average,> best and worst case equity curves for 
  each of those 15,000 runs.  What you> are looking for is a 
  fairly consistent performance, regardless ofthe list> of signals 
  accepted by TradeSim.   I want to make sure youunderstand 
  the> process here.   TradeSim will make a purely random 
  selecction ofbuy/short> signals in each run, investing up to my 
  limit of $300,000    IBM,MSFT, AOL,> etc. might be 
  in run number one.   Any or all of those stocks mightbe 
  in> run two.   You can tell TradeSim whether or not to 
  compound your profits> (yet another discussion).> > The 
  next step, of course, is to rank all signals by something (another> 
  discussion) and take the signals in some sort of predetermined 
  sequence> until your system runs out of cash.   This 
  functionality is high onthe wish> list for TradeSim and somewhere 
  on TJ's wish list for AB.    Once wehave> that 
  functionality, we can see if our "smart" method of selecting which> 
  signals to take has any value over a purely random selection.   
  Ifnot...> the method for selection must not be very smart.> 
  > I hope that I have answered your questions and 
  concerns.>   -----Original Message----->   
  From: tchan95014 [mailto:tchan95014@xxxx]>   Sent: Friday, 
  April 18, 2003 8:04 PM>   To: 
  amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>   Subject: [amibroker] Re: 
  Compounding, etc. (for Fred)> > >   
  Chuck,> >   The following is my understanding from 
  reading your posts: you test>   your system on a large 
  universe, when you find a goog parameter set,>   you then run 
  on the same universe to pick up the candidate to trade.> 
  >   My question:>   1) Since you do not cut 
  off those losers in historical test from the>   universe (You 
  mentioned that a stock's characteristics can change over>   
  time), do you still trade a certain stock when you system picks it 
  up>   but you know from you historical test this particular 
  candidate lost>   all the time? (Of course, you also mention 
  you never check what stocks>   are traded by your system, but 
  I just want to know your thought)> >   2) You also 
  mention the use of MCS, could you please elaborate on how>   
  you use MCS to help you on system development or whatever?> 
  >   Thanks> > >   
  Thomas> >   --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Chuck 
  Rademacher">   <chuck_rademacher@x> 
  wrote:>   > No rebuke from me.   You are 100% 
  correct that one would tend to>   either 
  take>   > on more positions or increase the size of 
  positions using profits.>   Either>   > 
  of these could be called "compounding".>   
  >>   > I just don't think that compounding has any 
  place in parameter>   selection.>   > 
  I've already given dozens of examples but I'll do one 
  more.>   >>   > Let's say that  I 
  had a moving average crossover system (which I>   
  wouldn't>   > use).  Let's also assume that we are 
  investing $10,000 per trade>   initially.>   
  > I optimize for one set of parameters to use on a basket of 
  stocks.>   One set>   > of parameters 
  generates a trade for AOL that results in a $1.5>   
  million>   > profit for the $10,000 
  investment.   If I then re-invest that $1.5>   
  million>   > (in backtesting), I could end up with some 
  huge returns on the next>   trade,>   > 
  based on my original portfolio investment size.    This huge 
  profit>   and>   > resultant compounding 
  (in backtesting) could distort the fact that>   
  those>   > very same parameters generated far less in 
  profits for the other 99>   stocks.>   > 
  In my opinion, I would rather use parameters that missed the 
  AOL>   trade and>   > did better on the 
  other 99 stocks.   Keeping AOL in the basket 
  (for>   > backtesting) and compounding the profits from 
  that one trade simply>   doesn't>   > fit 
  in how I select parameters.>   >>   > 
  Once I'm finished selecting my parameters, I will use Scan over 
  all>   100>   > stocks in basket.  I 
  will, at this point, turn on compounding.  If>   
  the>   > parameters I've selected without the benefit of 
  AOL and without the>   benefit>   > of 
  compounding happen to pick up the AOL trade, it's a bonus.   
  I'd>   rather>   > miss the AOL trade (in 
  backtesting) and do well on the rest of the>   stocks 
  in>   > the basket.   In my opinion, this 
  approach has a much better chance>   of 
  being>   > profitable in the future.   A 
  fantastic-looking equity curve based>   on 
  the>   > benefit of hindsight does little to satisfy my 
  investors.>   >   -----Original 
  Message----->   >   From: Fred 
  [mailto:fctonetti@xxxx]>   >   Sent: Friday, 
  April 18, 2003 6:16 PM>   >   To: 
  amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>   >   Subject: 
  [amibroker] Re: Pairs Trading (a definition for Dingo)>   
  >>   >>   >   
  Chuck,>   >>   >   Your "go" 
  at it is clearly a better description then mine ...>   
  >>   >   I'm still waiting for your rebuke of 
  my description of compounding>   >   whether it 
  is in terms of scaling up bet size or increasing the>   
  >   number of securities potentially invested in to be virtually 
  the>   same>   >   in terms of 
  how that affects system design, testing and>   
  optimization>   >   in that ones aim is still to 
  yield consistant returns and>   drawdowns>   
  >   on a percentage basis.>   
  >>   >   --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 
  "Chuck Rademacher">   >   
  <chuck_rademacher@x> wrote:>   >   > 
  MessageI'll have a go at defining pairs trading for you.>   
  >   >>   >   > To me, there 
  are two different kinds of pairs trading>   
  (fundamental>   >   and>   
  >   > technical).>   >   
  >>   >   > Before I get into that, 
  however, I'll start by telling you that>   >   
  pairs>   >   > trading is NOTHING MORE than 
  buying one stock and shorting>   another.>   
  >   > Usually, the dollars invested would be the same for each 
  stock.>   >   >>   
  >   > Fundamental pairs trading would be based on YOUR 
  INTERPRETATION>   of>   >   
  the>   >   > fundamentals for those two 
  companies.   If you spent the time to>   
  >   review the>   >   > annual 
  reports for Ford and General Motors, for instance, you>   
  might>   >   decide>   
  >   > that FUNDAMENTALLY Ford should outperform General Motors 
  over>   the>   >   next 
  six>   >   > months.  So, you would buy 
  Ford and short General Motors.   Your>   
  >   trade, in>   >   > theory, 
  should not be affected by any move in the entire market>   
  or>   >   even the>   
  >   > automotive sector.   At the end of the 
  six-month period you>   would>   
  >   liquidate>   >   > both 
  positions.>   >   >>   
  >   > Technical pairs trading is a little more 
  complex.   Again, you>   >   would 
  be>   >   > buying one stock and shorting 
  another.   Most pairs traders>   
  might>   >   only trade>   
  >   > a "pair" that were in the same sector, but that 
  isn't>   necessarily a>   >   
  > requirement.   The idea here is that you find two stocks 
  whose>   >   average daily>   
  >   > returns move very much in unison.  I won't get into 
  the math for>   >   
  determining>   >   > this, but I'm sure you 
  get the picture.    Let's say that you>   
  >   discover that>   >   > the 
  daily returns for Ford and General Motors almost aways 
  move>   >   together.>   
  >   > You also observe that if the returns move apart.... they 
  tend to>   >   come back>   
  >   > together.    You also observe the maximum 
  amount that they>   varied>   
  >   over some>   >   > period of 
  time.   When you see them move apart by that 
  amount>   >   again, you>   
  >   > simply short the one with the higher returns and buy the 
  one>   with>   >   the 
  lower>   >   > returns.  Finally, you 
  just wait for the returns to come back>   >   
  together and>   >   > liquidate both 
  positions.     Again, the theory is that 
  any>   major>   >   move 
  in>   >   > the overall market has no effect 
  on your net position.>   >   
  >>   >   > I might add that many, if not 
  most, of the professional fund>   >   managers 
  using>   >   > pairs trading haven't done 
  very well over the last quarter,>   >   
  generating>   >   > negative returns for 
  their investors.    I've been pairs trading>   
  >   for two>   >   > years, 
  netting just over one percent per month for investors in>   
  that>   >   > particular 
  fund.    I can also tell you that, in my opinion, 
  any>   >   attempt at>   
  >   > fundamental pairs trading is doomed for 
  failure.>   >   >   -----Original 
  Message----->   >   >   From: dingo 
  [mailto:dingo@xxxx]>   >   >   
  Sent: Friday, April 18, 2003 3:13 PM>   >   
  >   To: amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>   
  >   >   Subject: RE: [amibroker] Re: Dynamic 
  Indicators Poll -- VOTE>   >   AGAIN, 
  PLEASE>   >   >>   
  >   >>   >   >   
  Could you define "pairs trading" please?>   >   
  >>   >   >   
  Thx!>   >   >>   
  >   >   d>   >   
  >     -----Original Message----->   
  >   >     From: Fred 
  [mailto:fctonetti@xxxx]>   >   
  >     Sent: Friday, April 18, 2003 3:08 
  PM>   >   >     To: 
  amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>   >   
  >     Subject: [amibroker] Re: Dynamic Indicators Poll 
  -- VOTE>   AGAIN,>   >   
  PLEASE>   >   >>   
  >   >>   >   
  >     Yes. I know. See my previous post, but for 
  example I don't>   want>   >   
  to>   >   >     have to 
  write my own Stdev routine for variable periods>   where 
  it>   >   >     would 
  require a For loop or a script to get it done.  As>   
  I've>   >   said>   
  >   >     before, IMHO the best thing 
  about AB today is it's speed and>   >   the 
  LAST>   >   >     thing I 
  want to do is slow it down w/For loops if I don't>   
  have>   >   to.>   
  >   >     The best thing about the future 
  of AB is of course the>   support &>   
  >   >     potential enhancements and I'll 
  be happy to take the latter>   in>   
  >   >     whatever order Tomasz thinks 
  best with my own personal>   >   preference 
  at>   >   >     the 
  moment being the fixing of position size transactions>   
  being>   >   >     
  automatically limited to total available cash followed by>   
  some>   >   other>   
  >   >     aspects of portfolio trading 
  i.e. pairs and ranking etc.>   >   
  >>   >   >     --- In 
  amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "DIMITRIS TSOKAKIS">   
  >   <TSOKAKIS@xxxx>>   >   
  >     wrote:>   >   
  >     > Fred,>   >   
  >     > take a look at>   
  >   >     >>   
  >   >     > per=10+Cum(1)%20;//variable 
  period from 10 to 29>   >   
  >     > 
  StochKa=MA(100*(C-LLV(L,per))/(HHV(H,per)-LLV(L,per)),3);>   
  >   >     > 
  StochDa=MA(MA(100*(C-LLV(L,per))/(HHV(H,per)-LLV>   
  >   (L,per)),3),3);>   >   
  >     > 
  Plot(StochDa,"",1,1);Plot(StochD(),"",4,8);>   
  >   >     >>   
  >   >     > for 
  example.>   >   >     
  > DT>   >   >     > 
  --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Fred" 
  <fctonetti@xxxx>>   >   
  wrote:>   >   >     > 
  > Tomasz,>   >   >     
  > >>   >   >     
  > > I agree completely that these are two different areas 
  ..>   .>   >   to 
  me>   >   >     > 
  they>   >   >     > 
  > are both important with (1) being higher priority 
  then>   >   (2) ...>   
  >   >     > >>   
  >   >     > > With regards to (1) 
  and more specifically those>   functions>   
  >   like>   >   
  >     ATR>   >   
  >     > > that require multiple arrays ... I 
  understand and in the>   >   case 
  of>   >   >     > 
  ATR>   >   >     > 
  > I'm not sure I care if this is even dealt with as 
  again>   it's>   >   
  >     simple>   >   
  >     > > enough like my example w/MACD to create 
  ones own ATR>   with a>   >   
  >     Foreign>   >   
  >     > > symbol using straight 
  AFL.>   >   >     > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > In the case of a stochastic though it's clearly valid 
  to>   >   >     
  calculate>   >   >     
  > it>   >   >     > 
  > as>   >   >     > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > 100 * (C - LLV(C, n)) / (HHV(C, n) - LLV(C, n))>   
  >   >     > >>   
  >   >     > > as opposed to using 
  highs and lows.  However here again>   
  I'm>   >   not>   
  >   >     > sure>   
  >   >     > > I care as it's easy 
  enough to do these in straight AFL>   
  with>   >   n>   
  >   >     being>   
  >   >     > > time variant since HHV 
  and LLV are already have the>   >   capability 
  of>   >   >     > > 
  being time variant.>   >   
  >     > >>   >   
  >     > >>   >   
  >     > > --- In amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 
  "Tomasz Janeczko">   >   
  >     > <amibroker@xxxx>>   
  >   >     > > 
  wrote:>   >   >     > 
  > > Hello,>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > As I mentioned in 
  the other post of mine there are>   >   
  >     > > > TWO INDEPENDENT 
  areas:>   >   >     > 
  > >>   >   >     
  > > > 1. Make input data array available for functions 
  like>   RSI>   >   
  >     > > > 2. Make second argument (period) 
  accept array too>   >   
  (variable>   >   >     
  > period).>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > Somehow people 
  mix those 2 areas.>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > Fred speaks that 
  he wants all functions to cover at>   
  least>   >   >     > 
  > > area (1).>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > The posts of Mark 
  refer to area (2).>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > Let me show you 
  example:>   >   >     
  > > >>   >   
  >     > > > RSI( period ) - this function has 
  no input data array>   >   
  (uses>   >   >     
  CLOSE>   >   >     > 
  > array>   >   >     
  > > > indirectly) and accepts static period>   
  >   >     > > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > > (1) RSIa( ARRAY, period ) - this function 
  accepts>   input>   >   
  data>   >   >     > 
  array>   >   >     > 
  > but accepts>   >   
  >     > > > only static 
  period>   >   >     > 
  > >>   >   >     
  > > > (2) RSIa( ARRAY, dynamic_period ) -  this 
  function>   accepts>   >   
  >     input>   >   
  >     > > data array>   
  >   >     > > > and accepts both 
  static and dynamic_period.>   >   
  >     > > > (NOTE: Current version of AB does 
  NOT support this>   >   
  >     RSIa 'flavour'>   
  >   >     > > 
  yet)>   >   >     > 
  > >>   >   >     
  > > >>   >   
  >     > > > As to (1): implementation of this 
  is relatively easy.>   >   
  >     > > > There is one caveat however: many 
  analytical functions>   >   
  >     > > > in fact use MORE than one input 
  array. For example>   >   
  Stochastics>   >   >     
  use>   >   >     > 
  > > Close, Open and High arrays as inputs.>   
  >   >     > > > ATR too needs 
  OHLC, not only close.>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > As to (2): not 
  every function is suitable for this>   kind 
  of>   >   >     > > 
  operation. Although>   >   
  >     > > > theoretically it is possible to 
  rewrite every function>   to>   
  >   >     accept>   
  >   >     > > such 
  'variable>   >   >     
  > > > periods' the practice shows that transformations 
  that>   are>   >   
  >     > recurrent>   
  >   >     > > in 
  nature>   >   >     > 
  > > (exponential averages for example) are>   
  >   extremely 'sensitive' if>   >   
  >     > > parameter(s)>   
  >   >     > > > change to fast. A 
  kind of "frequency modulation">   effect>   
  >   appears>   >   
  >     > > that may produce>   
  >   >     > > > distortions 
  therefore one should be careful working>   
  with>   >   >     
  adaptive>   >   >     
  > > systems>   >   
  >     > > > using recurrency-based 
  transformations.>   >   
  >     > > >>   
  >   >     > > > Best 
  regards,>   >   >     
  > > > Tomasz Janeczko>   >   
  >     > > > amibroker.com>   
  >   >     > > > ----- Original 
  Message ----->   >   
  >     > > > From: 
  <uenal.mutlu@xxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > To: 
  <amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > Sent: Friday, April 18, 2003 5:28 
  PM>   >   >     > > 
  > Subject: Re: [amibroker] Dynamic Indicators Poll -->   
  VOTE>   >   AGAIN,>   
  >   >     > > 
  PLEASE>   >   >     > 
  > >>   >   >     
  > > >>   >   
  >     > > > > And IMHO 
  also>   >   >     > 
  > > >   LINEARREG, LINREGSLOPE, TSF>   
  >   >     > > > > should be 
  removed from your list. Please>   >   
  >     > > > > check the remaining too... 
  Test it in AFL editor (it>   >   
  will>   >   >     > 
  inform>   >   >     > 
  > you>   >   >     
  > > > > via a small hint window about the params after 
  you>   type>   >   
  the>   >   >     > 
  > opening brace).>   >   
  >     > > > > UM>   
  >   >     > > > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > > > ----- Original Message ----->   
  >   >     > > > > From: 
  <uenal.mutlu@xxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > > To: 
  <amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > > Sent: Friday, April 18, 2003 
  5:21 PM>   >   >     > 
  > > > Subject: Re: [amibroker] Dynamic Indicators Poll 
  -->   VOTE>   >   
  >     AGAIN,>   >   
  >     > > PLEASE>   
  >   >     > > > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > > >>   >   
  >     > > > > > Hi 
  mark,>   >   >     > 
  > > > > can you clarify BBANDBOT and BBANDTOP;>   
  >   >     > > > > > IMHO 
  they both already do accept user defined>   >   
  arguments>   >   >     
  > > > > > for all the 3 possible parameters to 
  them.>   >   >     > 
  > > > > UM>   >   
  >     > > > > >>   
  >   >     > > > > 
  >>   >   >     > 
  > > > > ----- Original Message ----->   
  >   >     > > > > > From: 
  "markf2" <feierstein@xxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > > > To: 
  <amibroker@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>>   >   
  >     > > > > > Sent: Friday, April 18, 
  2003 4:03 PM>   >   >     
  > > > > > Subject: [amibroker] Dynamic Indicators Poll 
  -->   VOTE>   >   
  AGAIN,>   >   >     > 
  > PLEASE>   >   >     
  > > > > >>   >   
  >     > > > > >>   
  >   >     > > > > > > In 
  Message 38132, Tomasz pointed out that HHV,>   
  LLV,>   >   >     > 
  HHVBars,>   >   >     
  > > LLVBars,>   >   
  >     > > > > > > DEMA, TEMA, MA, 
  WMA, REF, and SUM already work>   with>   
  >   >     dynamic>   
  >   >     > > > > > > 
  parameters. When I updated the poll to reflect>   
  >   this, ALL>   >   
  >     > > votes were>   
  >   >     > > > > > > 
  lost so please vote again if you're still>   >   
  interested, LOL.>   >   
  >     > > > > > >>   
  >   >     > > > > > > <A 
  href="">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/amibroker/surveys?>   
  >   id=1071266>   >   
  >     > > > > > >>   
  >   >     > > > > > > I 
  apologize for the confusion.  The fact that>   
  the>   >   above>   
  >   >     > > indicators 
  and>   >   >     > 
  > > > > > functions accept dynamic parameters 
  was>   reflected in>   >   
  >     > release>   >   
  >     > > notes but>   
  >   >     > > > > > > 
  not in the 4.30 users guide that I used to make>   
  the>   >   >     
  poll.>   >   >     > 
  > The fact>   >   
  >     > > > > > > that so many of you 
  voted for them shows you>   didn't>   
  >   know>   >   
  >     > > either, and>   
  >   >     > > > > > > 
  I've asked Tomasz to include this information in>   
  >   the next>   >   
  >     > > > > > > documentation 
  update.>   >   >     > 
  > > > > >>   >   
  >     > > > > > > 
  Mark>   >   >     > 
  > > > > >>   >   
  >     > > > > > > "No good deed goes 
  unpunished.">   >   >     
  > > > > > > --Steve Karnish>   
  >   >     > > > 
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  >>   >   >     > 
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